I got 3.0.2_debug to work! I did two things, though, and I'm not sure which was the key for me:
When I uninstalled 3.0.2, I searched and deleted every single trace of AirDroid I could find before installing 3.0.2_debug.I was using Hyper-V to run a virtual pc to test Windows 10 and had bunches of virtual network adapters, which I completely removed.
One or the other did the trick, because now it works great.